Frankenstien Prose Study Assignment GCSE Snglish Language and Literature Course Work :: essays research papers

Take a gander at the importance of section five to the novel all in all. Concentrate on the significance and impact of the writer’s utilization of language to depict setting, character and what it appears about social and verifiable impacts. Frankenstien the gothic novel composed by mary shelley. The tale was composed when mary was just 18 years of age. The tale begins with Captain on a boat cruising north of the Arctic. The boat was then incapable to move because of the ice. Not long after his men detect a man going towards the boat. We later discover this is Victor Frankenstein's beast. Soon after he sees the evil and destroyed Victor Frankenstein himself. Victor is then welcomed onto the pontoon. (Shelly utilizes this to begin the story) This is when victor begins to retell his story. Since early on victor had cherished science and he at that point had a feddish for power. The set off to the story and work of a persn wants the saddness within victor. Victor was scarred by the loss of his mom, he lost her through labor. Not long after he left his family in Geneva, to concentrate in Ingolstadt. Where he contemplates present day science. Victor has numerous thoughts for what's to come. He begins building a man. He utilized the best parts from the most delightful and the most intellergent individuals that he could discover. Nonetheless, this pivots later in the novel when everything doesn’t go how victor had arranged. He put all his vitality and energy into building this animal. He amagined it to be excellent, however in section 5 when it stirs he is appalled. Part five is the principle defining moment in the novel as this is when Victor discover the genuine ghastliness of the beast. Victor at that point discovers this revolting and attempts to flee yet her is mentaly scarred by this. With Shock and exhaust Victor becomes sick for a while. About a year later he gets news illuminating him regarding the homicide of his most youthful sibling William. Now Victor just nows this was the beast. He is incredibly irritated with this and has a ton feelings yet he embarks to discover the beast. In the wake of showing up home he finds that the family's servant was confined for the homicide. Regardless of the blame that Victor was sentiments he thought it was best not to inform anybody concerning his creation.

Sports Dissertation Topics

Game Dissertation Topics †Introduction A degree in Sports Science could help understudies trying to manufacture a vocation in sports treatment, instructing, improvement or individual preparing. As an understudy contemplating sports science, you can turn into a games director, occasions coordinator, sports clinician or wellbeing advancement authority (Guardian, 2010). It is thusly significant for sports understudies, searching for sports paper thoughts to pick one that could help progress their vocation further. Here are a rundown of sports paper titles inside which you can base your examination. Sports Dissertation Topics1. Exercise and physiology1. Physiological establishment and execution in football: An investigation on muscle quality as the key factor for deciding accomplishment among first class footballers in England 2. Muscle quality in swimming: A contextual investigation of the human energy structure and skeletal muscle works in swimming exercises 3. Neural varieties in resistive exercise: Investigating the components constraining execution among gymnasts and suggestions for preparing 4. The physical and mental attributes of expert weight lifters: An investigation on the co-connection between sustenance, conduct and execution among the world class muscle heads 5. Isometric force in skeletal muscle: Comparing single muscle fiber quality and generation in athletic exercises. 6. Maturing consequences for muscle working and morphology: An examination on muscle change among ladies competitors in menopause and past 7. Change in accordance with preparing and quality: Neurological and Morphological contribution to improved bone quality and advancement in quality preparing 8. Quality and nourishment: An examination on the advanced and conventional strategies for preparing and the advancement of solidarity and equalization in resigned proficient footballers 9. Muscle quality and sexual orientation: An investigation on the relative muscle quality in people competitors. 10. Solid quality and preparing among the old: An investigation old enough related illnesses and hazard factors required among the old gymnastsTo find support with this paper or to get estimating on a custom exposition Contact Us Today2. Sports and nutrition1. Sports and sustenance: A similar report on pre-game eating regimen and supper coordinating exercises and how they help increment the exhibition of players in football. 2. Nourishment and competitor execution: An examination on the various models of sustenance suggested for vegan competitors 3. Protein prerequisites in quality games: A similar report on protein supplementation for bone turn of events and ideal execution in quality preparing. 4. Nutrients and competitor execution: An investigation of nutrient supplementation for top execution in sports 5. Consumption of nutrients in games. A near report on the utilization of protein and sugar enhancements to recuperate muscle glycogen after quality preparing. 6. Iron necessities in sports: An examination fair and square of iron prerequisites among ladies and men competitors 7. Enhancements and competitor execution: Investigating the utilization of citrate, glutamine and bicarbonate supplements and their impacts on competitor execution 8. Competitor execution and caffeine admission: An investigation on the contemporary issues of caffeine consumption and their consequences for competitor execution. 9. Is nutrient D a significant worry for athletesA contextual investigation of Vitamin D supplementation on obstruction prepared competitors 10. The utilization of recommended supplements in sports: An examination on the remain of universal games relationship on sup⠬⠬â ¬plement intake.To find support with this exposition or to get estimating on a custom article Contact Us Today3. Game Pharmacology and Exercise1. Medication supplementation and pinnacle execution in sports: Examining the near impacts of medication supplementation among the world class competitors, a contextual investigation of supplement and non-supplement clients 2. The utilization of recommended medications and enhancements in games: An investigation of the continuous utilized medications and enhancements for respiratory cardiovascular infections in sports. 3. Hypertension and exercise: The remain of global games relationship on the administration of hypertension among truly dynamic patients and competitors 4. Ergogenic help and pharmacology in sports: A contextual investigation of the utilization of diuretics in sports and the impact of physical exercises on sedate treatment for respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses among first class competitors 5. Taking care of Bronchial confusions in sports: A contextual analysis of the competitors exposed to the inward breath of the beta2-agonist during the 2012 London Olympics. 6. Asthmatic tri-competitors: An investigation on the impacts of preparing, exercise and medicine among asthmatic competitors 7. The legitimate limit with respect to Drug and supplement use in sports: An investigation on the universal enactments on medication and supplement use in football. 8. Adrenaline surge in sports: A contextual investigation of dark white females beyond 45 years old in the UK and in the United States 9. Constant ailments and nourishment necessities: A similar report on the healthful prerequisites for competitors with incessant conditions 10. Cardiovascular medicine in sports: A contextual analysis of competitors utilizing cardiovascular drug in the 2012 Olympics and the difficulties of utilizing pulse as a proportion of activity force/capacityTo find support with this thesis or to get estimating on a custom exposition Contact Us Today4. Satellite cells1. Foundational microorganism treatment: A similar report on undifferentiated cell treatment and the suggestions for rewarding ligament insufficiencies and osteoarthritis for athletic games 2. The satellite cell cycle: Investigating the significance of satellite undeveloped cells in development, upkeep, guideline and muscle recovery during exercise center preparing. 3. Malady control and muscle adjustment in competitor preparing: An examination on the job of the myo-atomic area in the separation and multiplication of the foundational microorganism cycle, illnesses and adjustment 4. Satellite cells in maturing competitors: An examination on the modification of satellite immature microorganisms among youthful and old competitors and the significance of satellite cells in guideline of bulk 5. Testosterones and satellite cells: An examination on the atomic and cell components and the impact of testosterone on the skeletal muscles for execution improvement in sports 6. Satellite undeveloped cells and competitor preparing: An examination on the impacts of overwhelming obstruction preparing on satellite foundational microorganisms in the skeletal muscle of competitors 7. Hyperplasia, satellite cells and hypertrophy: Investigating the cell division direction and the heterogeneity of swimmers satellite cell muscles 8. The advancement of satellite undeveloped cells: An investigation on the source, expansion, capacities and the status of the satellite immature microorganisms 9. Satellite foundational microorganisms adjustment: An investigation of the trapezius muscles during high-impact or intense exercise 10. Satellite cells and age related variables: Investigating the heterogeneity and capacity of a grown-up competitor satellite stem cells.To find support with this exposition or to get estimating on a custom paper Contact Us Today5. Mitochondria and physical conditions1. An examination on the connection between mitochondria advancement, quality and wellness in the state of being of competitors concerning insulin affectability 2. Mitochondrial capacities and cell digestion: An investigation of the impacts of halfway unsaturated fat oxidation and mitochondrial over-burden and their commitment to the augmentation in of obstruction of the skeletal muscles in aerobic exercise 3. Maturing and digestion: An examination on the utilization of hostile to maturing medications to stay away from metabolic related disorder among senior competitors 4. Metabolic clutters: Combating insulin and weight utilizing medications and exercise mimetics in the skeletal muscles of competitors 5. Can the expansion of muscle mitochondrial help decrease insulin obstruction brought about by high fat dietsUnderstanding insulin opposition and high fat eating regimen in quality preparing 6. Can metabolic adaptability and glucose resistance be undermined by explicit muscle cancellation of carnitine acetyltransferase after exerciseA similar examination on the metabolic wellness and muscle practice in power lifting trainings 7. Metabolic wellness and stoutness: An investigation on cell vitality transductions and their impact to corpulence among competitors. 8. Carnitine insufficiency: An examination on the impacts of over sustenance and maturing on metabolic control and mitochondrial execution in quality preparing 9. Metabolic wellness and type 2 diabetes: Revisiting the association between type 2 diabetes and mitochondrial oxidation works in adaptability preparing 10. Metabolic wellbeing and sicknesses: An examination on the elements of mitochondrial uncoupling and lipid oxidation during vigorous preparing and mental conditioningTo find support with this exposition or to get evaluating on a custom article Contact Us Today6. Biomechanics in Sports1. Characteristic biomechanics and quality preparing: An investigation of Pectoral seat enlistment rehearses applied in seat squeezing variety in weight lifting preparing. 2. Natural and extraneous biomechanics: An investigation on novice gains, their length, enrollment of increase levels among male and female competitors 3. Biomechanics and supplement supplementation in weight preparing: An investigation of the diverse addition levels on supplement clients and non clients both on a decent eating regimen in a time of four months. 4. Quality preparing: An examination on the utilization of groups in quality preparing to build muscle gains and their advantages. 5. Sexual orientation in Sports: Investigating the presentation and biomechanics of instructing in tip top female competitors in knowledge preparing 6. Biomechanics and temperature: Investigating competitor muscle responses during isometric preparing corresponding to temperature varieties. A contextual investigation of African and European competitors 7. Athletic games and pubescence preparing: An investigation of the female competitor when adolescence and the conceivable metabolic impacts 8. Biomechanics planning in sports: An investigation on the significance of biomechanics arrangement before German volume trai

Nationalism in Politics and Culture

Patriotism in Politics and Culture Patriotism is a term used to depict an intense enthusiastic recognizable proof with ones nation and its kin, customs, and qualities. In governmental issues and open strategy, patriotism is a precept whose crucial to secure a countries right to self-administer and shield individual occupants of a state from worldwide financial and social weights. Something contrary to patriotism is globalism. Patriotism can run from the negligent dedication of banner waving enthusiasm in its most amiable structure to hawkishness, xenophobia, bigotry, andâ ethnocentrismâ at its most noticeably awful and most dangerous. It is frequently connected with the kind of profoundly enthusiastic responsibility to one’s country - over and against all others - that prompts outrages like those submitted by the National Socialists in Germany during the 1930s, composed University of West Georgia theory teacher Walter Riker. Political and Economic Nationalism In the cutting edge time, President Donald Trumps America First precept was focused on patriot strategies that remembered higher duties for imports, a crackdown on illicit movement, and the withdrawal of the United States from exchange understandings his organization accepted were destructive to American specialists. Pundits portrayed Trumps brand of patriotism as white character governmental issues; without a doubt, his political race harmonized with the ascent of the alleged extreme right movement,â a inexactly associated gathering of youthful, estranged Republicans and white patriots. In 2017, Trump told the United Nations General Assembly: In remote issues, we are recharging this establishing standard of sway. Our administrations first obligation is to its kin, to our residents, to serve their requirements, to guarantee their security, to protect their privileges and to guard their qualities. I will consistently put America first, much the same as you, as the pioneers of your nations, will consistently and should consistently put your nations first. Kindhearted Nationalism? National Review editorial manager Rich Lowry and senior supervisor Ramesh Ponnuru utilized the term considerate patriotism in 2017: The frameworks of an amiable patriotism are not hard to observe. It incorporates faithfulness to one’s nation: a feeling of having a place, devotion, and appreciation to it. Also, this sense connects to the country’s individuals and culture, not simply to its political foundations and laws. Such patriotism incorporates solidarity with one’s compatriots, whose government assistance precedes, but not to the total avoidance of, that of outsiders. At the point when this patriotism finds political articulation, it underpins a government that is envious of its sway, direct and proud in regards to propelling its people’s advantages, and aware of the requirement for national attachment. Many contend, however, that there is nothing of the sort as generous patriotism and that any patriotism is troublesome and polarizing at its generally harmless and disdainful and risky when conveyed to boundaries. Patriotism isn't one of a kind to the United States, either. Floods of patriot assumption have moved through the electorate in Britain and different pieces of Europe, China, Japan, and India. One remarkable case of patriotism was the purported Brexit vote in 2016 in which residents of the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union.â Kinds of Nationalism in the United States In the United States, there are a few sorts of patriotism, as indicated by look into led by human science teachers at Harvard and New York colleges. The teachers, Bart Bonikowski and Paul DiMaggio, distinguished the accompanying gatherings: Prohibitive patriotism, or theâ belief that the main genuine Americans are Christians, communicate in English, and were conceived in the United States.Ardent patriotism, or the conviction that the United States is prevalent ethnically, racially, or socially to different nations. This can be alluded to as ethnic patriotism, as well. White patriots uphold racial oppressor or white rebel belief systems and accept non-whites are sub-par. Those despise bunches incorporate the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Confederates, neo-Nazis, bigot skinheads, and Christian Identity. Civic or liberal patriotism, the conviction that Americas vote based organizations and naturally secured freedoms are predominant, or uncommon. Sources and Further Reading on Nationalism Heres where you can peruse progressively pretty much all types of patriotism. What 4 sorts of American patriotism can enlighten us regarding Trump voters: Bart Bonikowski and Paul DiMaggio, The Washington PostFor Love of Country, Rich Lowry and Ramesh Ponnuru, National ReviewNationalism can have its valid statements. Really.: Prerna Singh, The Washington PostOn Nationalism and Exceptionalism: Yuval Levin, Ethics Public Policy CenterThe Trouble With Nationalism, Jonah Goldberg, National Review

Making Of A Quagmire by David Halberstam Assignment

Creation Of A Quagmire by David Halberstam - Assignment Example For one thing, David Halberstam is all around slanted to raise the topic of open bungle and obliviousness of the correct news which came to be the significant clash between the US government and the press. In a just society, the plan driven news let the remainder of the open fall into the pit of misrepresentations. Along these lines, the issue can't be explained. Halberstam tells about that reality in a straightforward way, to be specific: â€Å"The split between the American press and the American crucial particularly the result of our country’s conventional opportunities and attitudes† (7). Thus, the political plans and goals of the authorities go a long ways past of the American people’s desires for harmony and solidarity. To be plain, the country of Americans has numerous to do with the inside and outer social and monetary issues. Notwithstanding, the war takes care of the American economy and gives pit increasingly potential in directing the equitable qualities around the world. Halberstam takes note of the illegitimacy of the American strategic recognizing the idea of things inside a distinct nation, for his situation it is about Vietnam, obviously. Accordingly, he expresses that the Government was managing â€Å"with its own smart individuals, who find out about the Government than it thought about them† (Halberstam and Singal 119)†¦ That is to state, the confuse is supposedly ingests the procedure of dynamic among the American authorities so high at inciting clashes in the Middle East and different pieces of the world. Subsequently, guiltless lives lose all sense of direction in a grisly restriction between the order from Washington and the protection from murder from the side of stand ard troopers. Various societies, religions and methods of living can't be simply changed through the military extension. An increasingly judicious arrangement should happen in the realm of data sound-disapproved of objectivity. American soldiers are to be pulled from Afghanistan for that basic explanation that, truly, this

Conversion and Adaptation of Buildings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transformation and Adaptation of Buildings - Essay Example urant will be masterminded in a trough that leaves space at the inside implying that the tables and the seats will be put at the edges (Barrows, Powers, and Powers, 2009:37). This will give a memorable/conventional feel yet in addition be joined with a stylish design that looks astonishing. Vitality is a fundamental asset in the activity of the inn. To guarantee that it meets its order and fulfills client needs, the lodging must have adequate vitality that will be utilized for cooking, lighting, warming, diversion and refrigeration purposes (Jones and Zemke, 2010:43). Reliance on power, oil and gas will be basic however won't be sufficient. Along these lines, the eatery will utilize sunlight based vitality however sun powered boards to increase different wellsprings of vitality. This will guarantee that the café has enough force for all the necessities and saves money on vitality use particularly non-sustainable power source. The plan utilizes Greenfield space to limit wastage of vitality. Key-card frameworks were introduced to control light, warming and air-cooling when rooms are not being used (Baker, 2005:17). Wellbeing and security is a basic perspective as a major aspect of supportability activities of the eatery. To accomplish this activity neatness will be one of the most fundamental perspectives regarding the restaurant’s cleanliness in the menu it gives, and furthermore inside and outside its premises. The nourishments gave by the eatery will experience consistent wellbeing and cleanliness checks from general wellbeing officials and nutritionists. The wellbeing and security office is set up explicitly to manage such issues. The reports from such checks will be benefited to the applicable specialists and the general population upon demand. All employees’ wellbeing and wellbeing will be ensured through consistent clinical registration and in security safeguards set up busy working. The eateries configuration has been created to forestall wellbeing dangers by guaranteeing there is sufficient space for development. The eatery will likewise contain notification of dangerous streams and any

An Overview of Gender Constancy

An Overview of Gender Constancy June 06, 2019 Getty / Johner Images   More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In its simplest terms, gender constancy refers to the theory that children develop a sense of gender over time and eventually come to understand that their biological sex is fixed and permanent. This theory is over 50 years old and originates from the work of American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. As simple as the theory sounds, however, its not a simple concept in the leastâ€"which is why research on gender development has continued to this day. Its also true that the theory of gender constancy was developed at a different time in history, and doesnt reflect current social norms as far as what is acceptable or what children should be taught as they grow and learn. So, as you read through the theory and its different components, keep in mind that it is a theory that was based on the work of Piaget about cognitive development, and doesnt take into account any research, theory, or social transitions that have happened in the 50 years since. Definition of Gender Constancy The concept of gender constancy refers to a cognitive stage of development of children at which they come to understand that their gender (meaning their biological sex) is fixed and cannot change over time. This theory proposed by Kohlberg had its roots in the cognitive development theory of French psychologist Jean Piaget and was first proposed in 1966. Kohlberg argued that the most important aspect of gender identity development was the cognitive development of the child. Modern Thought While the gender constancy theory states that biological sex is fixed and cannot change over time, we now know that there should be a broader interpretation of sex and gender that was once theorized. In addition, children should always be taught that self-acceptance is most important. Kohlbergs Theory of Gender Development To understand Kohlbergs theory, it is first important to understand the concept of a schema in terms of cognitive development. A schema is a conceptual pattern held in the mind through which children make sense of the world, and in this case, their gender. A gender schema model proposes that children develop their gender identity through internal motivation to conform to what society expects based on their biological sex. However, Kohlberg argued that this motivation was first dependent on the child passing through a number of stages of cognitive development. While the gender schema model proposes that children have an internal motivation to conform, its important to note that with changing gender norms and changing expectations of society, internal motivation may also shift. Regardless, children should never be forced to conform to a gender role that makes them uncomfortable. This pattern of cognitive development was seen to take place between the ages of two and seven years old, during which time children grow to understand that their sex cannot be changed. Once children reach this stage of development, Kohlberg argued that they would be motivated to watch how they were expected to behave and act in accordance with that gender role. In this way, Kohlberg maintained that children would not develop an understanding of gender roles until they had learned that sex remains constant throughout life. Kohlbergs Stages Stage 1: Gender labeling (by age 3) In the gender labeling stage, children can say whether they are a girl or boy as well as the gender of other people. However, they do not understand that this is a characteristic that cant change over time, like the length of someones hair or the clothes that they are wearing. Stage 2: Gender stability (by age 5) In the gender stability stage, children start to realize that boys will grow up to be dads and girls grow up to be moms, etc. However, they still dont understand that gender cant be changed by changes in appearance or choice of activities. Stage 3: Gender constancy (by age 7) By about age 6 or 7, children begin to understand that sex is permanent across situations and over time. Once they develop this understanding, they begin to act as members of their sex. In this way, Kohlberg argued that the most important aspect of gender development is not biological instincts or cultural norms; rather, it is a childs cognitive understanding of the social world around them. In other words, its not about a child feeling motivated by rewards to act in a certain way according to what is expected of them being a boy or girl. Instead, their gender identity development depends on their sense of being male or female, which grows in stages that match their cognitive development. And, these stages closely parallel the theory of Piaget regarding childrens cognitive development. Research Evidence of Gender Constancy Research evidence to support the theory of the development of gender constancy proposed by Kohlberg is mixed. Some early researchers (from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s) argued that children as young as age two naturally show gender-biased behavior such as selecting certain toys or playing with other girls or boys.Some argue that parental reinforcement of gender-consistent behaviors is also critically important to a child developing gender identity.Some studies show that even infants can discriminate between male versus female faces and voices.Some argue that gender constancy is actually the most immature form of gender conception. In one related study, Slaby and Frey (1975) examined childrens understanding of gender using a Gender Concept Interview. They surveyed 55 two through five-year-olds and asked 14 questions and counter questions. Examples of the questions are below, each representing different stages of Kohlbergs theory: Is this a girl or a boy? (showing a photo)Are you a boy or a girl?When you were a baby, were you a girl or a boy?When you grow up, will you be a mommy or a daddy?If you wore girls clothes, would you be a girl?Could you be a boy if you wanted? Then, the researchers showed the children a film and measured how much they paid attention to the male or female character. What they found was that children with stronger gender constancy were more likely to pay attention to the same-sex role model. This provides support for Kohlbergs theory. What Does Gender Nonconforming Mean? Other Theories of Gender Development Kohlberg theorized that the development of gender roles depends on a child grasping the concept that their sex remains fixed. However, others have argued that human development is a much more complex process that depends on a variety of factors interacting with each other. Most notably, Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura argued that development was a result of an interaction of behavior, the person, and the environment. From this perspective, for example, a child who receives negative feedback about wearing a dress as a boy would begin to develop an understanding of gender roles. In other words, how you are socialized as a child gives you information about how to go out into the world as a girl or boy. This might be influenced by the clothes your parents buy for you, the decor in your room, the toys you play with, and the activities that you are encouraged to take part in. If you are rewarded for acting in a way in accordance with your gender role, then you would be motivated to act in accordance with gender stereotypes. This external feedback would eventually become internalized such that you would feel better about yourself when acting in accordance with gender stereotypes. As you grow older, internal self-regulation would grow more important. Note again that this is an older theory based on a time when gender roles were less fluid. At the same time, other theorists agree that cognition is important to some degree. For example, Martin and Halverson (1981) provided a new theory of gender typing, in which they proposed that stereotypes emerge as a way of processing a large amount of information. In other words, as a little boy or girl, the world can be confusing. So, its easier to start categorizing things based on gender. They argue that stereotypes are kind of like road maps on how to handle interactions with new people. Martin and Halverson argued that children are quite rigid in using these stereotypes, but as they grow older, they become more flexible. A Word From Verywell Although gender identity development continues to be studied to this day, the original concept proposed by Kohlberg has received mixed support. It is only with continued effort to understand the development of gender identity in children that we can properly understand this phenomenon. In addition, with our shifting understanding of biological sex and gender, it is likely that theories such as these will continue to evolve. The Stigma and Discrimination Transgender Women Face

Act and rule utilitarianism essay

Act and rule utilitarianism: problems In accordance with the utilitarianism definition, if any action gives a human much more happiness and joy compared to other actions, then this action is morally right. For example, we can compare two actions: charity work and watching movie at home. Its not so hard to say that a human would get more happiness and pleasure making charity work than to watching a movie. So, as stated by this theory, the right thing would be to make charity work instead of watching a movie because the first action would bring more happiness. Needless to say this theory has been criticized a lot, because for cruel or sadist people tormenting and killing others may be the spring of joy and great happiness. In accordance with this theory principles, they would do the right thing, so it comes to the point that a theory of act utilitarianism could justify crime. Another thing is how to calculate the happiness a person may get during their actions. In some situations, it may be very hard to understand which action will bring more utility in contrast with another. Rule utilitarianism proclaims that the action can be right only if match a certain rule that leads to great happiness. For the first sign, this theory seems much better compared with act utilitarians point of view, but we know that sometimes actions that break rules can give more utility. This option is not available in the theory of rule utilitarianism because according to their point of view, breaking rules is an action against morality. Its possible to compare these two theories with a stop sign and yield sign on the road. The first sign characterizes the rule utilitarian theory: it just force drivers to stop without allowing them to value if its good to stop now or to drive forward. The yield sign gives the drivers a choice if they really need to stop, its like the act utilitarian theory. Needless to say that according to act utilitarians, the stop sign is too tough because the drivers are required to stop even when there is no danger on road from oncoming vehicles. We can see that both theories have their positive and negative sides. Both act and rule utilitarianism are too extreme and based on different things: first theory allows people to break the law, when the second gives them possibility to act in accordance with rules, without any kind of breaking.

Essay British Imperial Policies and Colonial Resistance

A new era was dawning on the American colonies and its mother country Britain, an era of revolution. The American colonists were subjected to many cruel acts of the British Parliament in order to benefit England itself. These British policies were forcing the Americans to rebellious feelings as their rights were constantly being violated by the British Crown. The colonies wanted to have an independent government and economy so they could create their own laws and stipulations. The British imperial policies affected the colonies economic, political, and geographic situation which intensified colonists’ resistance to British rule and intensified commitment to their republican values. The imperial tactics of the British Empire were†¦show more content†¦The colonists felt that their rights as Englishmen were being. These taxes impaired the colonial economy and left the colonists with a bitter feeling towards their mother country. The acts that affected the political aspec ts of the colonies were also passed in an effort to prevent their government from expanding. The Massachusetts Government Act took away their governmental independence and replaced it with more royal control. The colonial government was preventing England from exercising its control on the colony. This infuriated most of the colonists of Massachusetts and forced them to create their own secretive government. The Quartering act commanded colonists to house British soldiers in their home during a time of peace. The Quebec Act took away some of the political freedoms of the French colonists. Despite the fact that it did not directly concern the American colonists, it still bothered them and even dismayed some loyalists. All of these acts took away the colonists republican and democratic government that was budding. They could not create a stable form of government because their minuscule forms of self-government were being executed. They felt that their rights were being violated and c oerced them even further into rebellious feelings. The colonists still never gave up on their republican values suchShow MoreRelated2. Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial Policies Between 1763 and 1776 Intensified Colonial Resistance to British Rule and Their Commitment to Republican Values.674 Words   |  3 Pages2. Analyze the ways in which British imperial policies between 1763 and 1776 intensified colonial resistance to British rule and their commitment to republican values. As generations grew up in America, nationalism within the colonies grew towards their new country. These settlers slowly lost their patriotic tie to Great Britain and it’s ruler, King George III. So when the French and Indian War ended in America, and the indebted England needed some compensation from American settlers inRead MoreThe Differences Between The British And The Colonists1142 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves as English subjects until 1763, when the administrative changes and enforcement of imperial policies brought the differences between the British and the colonists. These differences prevailed between 1763 and 1776, when the British enforced series of policies and acts/taxes that restricted the colonists on certain things under the Grenville ministry, this then led to the colonists intensified resistance through different types of protests and revolts towards other taxes, and in turn strengthenedRead MoreImpact of the First World War in Africa: The Development of the Continent1289 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean powers. The end of the First World War represented the end of some of the most important colonial empires such as the Austrian Empire or the Russian empire. Even so, for Africa, the world war was crucial for determining a new sense of nationalism that would later give rise to anti-colonial movements and eventually independence wars on the continent. The war in Africa revolved mostly around the British and the French fighting the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East, as well as fighting going onRead MoreCauses of the Revolutionary War: A British Perspective1313 Words   |  6 Pagesinterprets the war and its causes from an ethnocentric view. Had the war been won by the British, the views would be quite different. Both countries often threaten the other; at other times they were conciliatory. The causes for the Revolutionary War are well documented from an American perspective. But what about the British perspective? This paper will assess and analyze the causes of the Revolutionary War from the British viewpoint. 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From the mountains of India, to the farmlands of Kenya, Imperial Britain ruled over a quarter of the world’s population. Britain, was the empire in which the ‘sun never set.’ However, by the end of World War II (1939-1945), the imperial sun had begun to wane. Fueled by nationalistic sentiment, British colonies, dominions, and protectoratesRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdomination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personal fortunes * Overseas expansion for raw materials: rubber, tin, copper, petroleum * Colonies were potentialRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Revolution2391 Words   |  10 Pages When French and British both claimed expansion into the Ohio River Valley in 1756, the war broke out. This war was called the French Indian War, also known as the Seven Years’ War. Actually, it was the first worldwide war because it was a massive conflict between Spain, France, England, North America, Austria, Philippine, and Prussia. The Seven Years’ War lasted from 1756 to 1763. It ended with British’s victories at Louisburg, Fort Frontenac and Quebec. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 was an afterwardRead More Evolution of British Policy in the Colonies: 1750 to 1776 Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of British Policy in the Colonies: 1750 to 1776 The relations between England and the British North American colonies could always be considered precarious. Prior to 1750 British essentially followed a policy of benign neglect and political autonomy in the American colonies. (Davidson p.97) The colonies were for the most part content with benign neglect policy, relishing in a â€Å"greater equality and representative government†(Davidson p.95) within the colonies. 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The Second Amendment Prohibited Citizens Under The Age Of...

In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled the Eighth Amendment prohibited citizens under the age of eighteen from being sentenced to life in prison without consideration of extenuating circumstances. In 1963, not even two weeks after his seventeenth birthday, Henry Montgomery murdered Charles Hurt and was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Montgomery, now sixty-nine years old, is challenging the state of Louisiana’s authority to keep him behind bars. Should he, along with many others in the same situation, be given the chance to prove himself as an upstanding citizen of the United States of America? Montgomery’s and other prisoner’s freedom hangs in the balance as the nine justices of the Supreme Court debate whether or not they should be granted collateral review. In November of 1963, eleven days after his seventeenth birthday, Henry Montgomery, an African American boy, was playing hooky in a park just outside of Baton Rouge when he murdered Louisiana deputy, Ch arles Hurt. Hurt was assigned the job of rounding up the truants that day, and while he was searching Montgomery after catching him skipping school, Montgomery panicked and pulled out the small pistol he had tucked into his jacket pocket. Montgomery’s lawyers argued that he had developmental issues and an IQ in the seventies, therefore, he did not completely comprehend his actions. However, a now twenty year old Henry Montgomery was sentenced to die. In 1969, the court reversed its decision because of racialShow MoreRelatedEssay on Americans Should be able to Protect Themselves with Guns1395 Words   |  6 PagesIf you have ever been in a life threatening situation with no way to defend yourself, being denied access to a firearm makes the situation worse.   Many law abiding citizens that feel threatened are not able to obtain a firearm for protection.   Innocent people are dying while criminals are getting away with gun related crimes.   There can be many regulations and laws against guns, but if a person wants a gun they will find a way to get one.   The thought of criminals having guns in their possessionRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1487 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern states. The thirteenth amendment of the constitution was passed on the eighth of April 1864 which officially abolished and prohibited slavery in the United States (Brown, 213). 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It is nineteen ninety nine, and the number of smokers is rising while the average age of smoking initiation decreases. There are those that believe using tobacco of any type should be illegal, or at least restricted. Others believe it is up to the person to choose whether to use tobacco products or not, however most of these people believeRead MoreGun Politics Of The United States1593 Words   |  7 Pagescountry today. According to the Second Amendment, which is found in the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† It means that states have rights to train soldiers to protect itself and individuals have rights to bear arms to defend themselves if the government gets out of control or dictatorial. 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Before the Constitution the colonies were divided under the governance of the Articles of Confederation. This first government was adequate through the Revolutionary War but afterwards the people needed union and a strong central government. The need for a government spurred men into action and the Constitutional

The Mousterian Middle Paleolithic Tool Industry

The Mousterian industry is the name archaeologists have given to an ancient Middle Stone Age method of making stone tools. The Mousterian is associated with our hominid relatives the Neanderthals in Europe and Asia and both Early Modern Human and Neanderthals in Africa. Mousterian stone tools were in use between about 200,000 years ago, until roughly 30,000 years ago, after the Acheulean industry, and about the same time as the Fauresmith tradition in South Africa. Stone Tools of the Mousterian The Mousterian stone tool production type is considered a technological step forward consisting of a transition from Lower Paleolithic hand-held Acheulean hand axes to hafted tools. Hafted tools are stone points or blades mounted on wooden shafts and wielded as spears or perhaps bow and arrow. A typical Mousterian stone tool assemblage is primarily defined as a flake-based tool kit made using the Levallois technique, rather than later blade-based tools. In traditional archaeological terminology, flakes are variously shaped thin stone sheets knapped off a core, while blades are flakes which are at least twice as long as their widths.   The Mousterian Toolkit Part of the Mousterian assemblage is made up of Levallois tools such as points and cores. The tool kit varies from place to place and from time to time but in general, includes the following tools: Mousterian point/convergent scraper: short, broad triangular projectile points struck from prepared coresLevallois flakes with retouch: sub-oval, subquadrangular, triangular, or leaf-shaped flakes struck from cores, which may have been retouched, that is to say, a series of small purposeful flakes have been removed from the flake to create an edge which is either sharp for cutting or blunted to make it safe to holdLevallois blades: elongated oval or rectangular blanks removed from cores with basal preparation and correction of the core convexityLevallois cores: include two types, pebble and bipolar. Pebble cores are clasts or angular rock fragments from which a series of flakes have been detached by percussion; bipolar cores are those created by placing the clast on a hard surface and striking it from above with a hard percussor History The Mousterian tool kit was identified in the 20th century to solve chronostratigraphic problems in western European Middle Paleolithic stone tool assemblages. Middle Stone Age tools were first intensively mapped in the  Levant  where British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod identified the Levantine  facies  at the site of Mugharet et-Tabà ¼n or Tabun Cave in what is today Israel. The traditional Levantine process is defined below: Tabun D or Phase 1 Levantine (270 to 170 thousand years ago [ka]), laminar blanks from Levallois and non-Levallois unipolar and  bi-polar  cores, higher frequency of retouched piecesTabun C or Phase 2 Levantine (170 to 90  ka) oval or rectangular blanks from cores, Mousterian points, side  scrapers, notches, and denticulatesTabun B or Phase 3 Levantine (90 to 48  ka), blanks from Levallois cores, Mousterian points, thin flakes and blades Since Garrods day, the Mousterian has been used as a point of departure to compare stone tools from Africa and southwest Asia. Recent Critiques However, United States archaeologist John Shea has suggested that the Mousterian category may have outlived its usefulness and may even be getting in the way of the ability for scholars to effectively study human behaviors. The Mousterian lithic technology was defined as a single entity in the early 20th century, and although during the first half of that century a range of scholars tried to subdivide it, they were largely unsuccessful. Shea (2014) points out that different regions have different percentages of the different tool types and the categories are not based on what scholars are interested in learning. Scholars would like to know, after all, what was the tool making strategy for different groups, and that is not readily available from the Mousterian technology in the way it is currently defined. Shea proposes that moving away from the traditional categories would open up paleolithic archaeology and enable it to address the central issues in paleoanthropology. A Few Mousterian Sites Levant Israel: Qafzeh, Skhul, Kebara, Hayonim, Tabun, Emeireh, Amud, Zuttiyeh, El-WadJordan: Ain DiflaSyria: El Kowm North Africa Morocco: Rhafas Cave, Dar es Soltan Central Asia Turkey: Kalatepe DeresiAfghanistan: Darra-i-KurUzbekistan: Teschik-Tasch Europe Gibraltar: Gorhams CaveFrance: Abric Romani, St. Cesaire, Grotte du NoistierSpain: LArbreda CaveSiberia: Denisova CaveUkraine: Moldova SitesCroatia: Vindija Cave Selected Sources Bar-Yosef O. 2008. ASIA, WEST: Palaeolithic Cultures. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 865-875.Close AE, and Minichillo T. 2007. Archaeological Records: Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Africa. In: Elias SA, editor. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier. p 99-107.Culley EV, Popescu G, and Clark GA. 2013. An analysis of the compositional integrity of the Levantine Mousterian facies. Quaternary International 300:213-233.Petraglia MD, and Dennell R. 2007. Archaeological Records: Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Asia. In: Elias SA, editor. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier. p 107-118.Shea JJ. 2013. Lithic Modes A–I: A New Framework for Describing Global-Scale Variation in Stone Tool Technology Illustrated with Evidence from the East Mediterranean Levant. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 20(1):151-186.Shea JJ. 2014. Sink the Mousterian? Named stone tool industries (NASTIES) as obstacles to investigating hominin evolutionary relationships in the Later Middle Paleolithic Levant. Quaternary International 350:169-179.

CRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay - 10218 Words

The Demonic Perspective Trephining Individual who were having illusions or were delusional had a hole drilled in their skull in order to get rid of the spirits. If that person was still alive, the procedure was successful Witchcraft Correlated with ‘The Crucible’ where Tituba, Sarah Good Sarah Osborne are accused of witchcraft in Salem, 1692 What to do with the witches?! Exodus 22:18- Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live Leviticus 20:27- A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them. Assumptions of Demonology Secularization: a systematic and general attempt to explain something The world is a battlefield†¦show more content†¦Video Notes: The Burning Times After the roman times, women’s continued traditions of the old religion and were leaders, counsellors, visionaries and healers (a.k.a. wise women). The Christian Church and state branded them witches and condemned them as worshippers of the Devil. Idea of witches date back to the Renaissance and the period in history known as the witch craze. Taught to fear the witches but still drawn to their powers (Conical=knowledge, cauldron=origins of life + magical power of women). The word witchcraft has been used to dismiss cultural traditions around the world. The Society of the Alejo (Brazil): for generations, the traditions of their African ancestors were kept alive. Women who practiced rituals like the Alejo in Africa/America were called heathens and were persecuted as witches. They are called witch-doctors and charlatans. Modern doctors are beginning to re-examine the healing power of the human spirit. European healers who were burned relied on Christian faith when performing their cures. Witch comes from ‘wic’ which means to bend of shape consciousness/events of life through meditations chants. New Pagans feel like they are returning to a pre Christian tradition which honours women and men. The Church

Australian Aborigines Free Essays

The kinship system is the social relationships that constitute the family connection by blood, marriage, or adoption; family relationship in a particular culture, according to Websters Dictionary. The Australian Aborigines kinship system determines how people interact with each other and it also determines their roles and responsibilities. Within the Australian Aborigines kinship system they use it for a lot more things then say our kinship system, â€Å"it is used for marriage funeral roles and ceremonial relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Aborigines or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have a system of classes which puts everybody in a specific kinship relationship. The Australian Aborigines have a cross–cousin marriage rule. Cross–cousins are the children of opposite–sex siblings, such as the father’s sister or the mother’s brother. One could marry his dad’s sister’s daughter or his mom’s brother’s daughter† (Nowak and Laird 2010). Some Australian Aboriginals have many names, like a birth name, personal name or a bush name and some have English speaking names. Their personal names aren’t used by English speakers, but by other Aboriginals in their community (Turpin 2000). In Australian Aboriginal culture, dreamtime is used when someone is talking about their or their family’s spirituality. It also has many meanings like â€Å"the period of creation, the moral order and the source of all spirits. Dreamtime can also refer to a specific geographic or topographic point or a totem spirit (animal spirit recognized as a kin group’s ancestor). It is an all–pervasive philosophy that permeates all aspects of Aboriginal life† (Nowak and Laird 2010). The Aborigines of Australia have lived the same way with the same culture untouched until 1788. 788 is the year of the first British fleet to land at Australia and establish a colony. The Aborigines had their own way of life until Australia started to become colonized. At that point they were the oldest surviving race in the entire world. The Aborigines of Australia were a people way before the Egyptians started building the Great Pyramids, before the Greeks started work on the Pantheon and when Britain was a Roman Empire. When the British came to Australia and they encountered the Aborigines they thought of them as primitive and didn’t understand the Aborigines culture. To the Aborigines land is a spiritual thing and an economic resource; they took care of the land because the land took care of them. It gave them food, wood and tools. They would perform ceremonies too and for the land. They lived and worked in family groups and their camps would have huts for the people to live in and the get out of the elements, but some of the Aboriginals lived in caves or out in the wild open. Some camps were small with only 6 to 12 people and other camps were very large with some being upwards around 400 people. Now the bigger the camp meant the more food that was accessible for how many people who lived in the camp. Everyday members of the group would go out to hunt and gather food for the whole camp to share (Crystal, 2001). I don’t feel that kinship impacts these same behaviors in my life. The Aboriginals were a lost people in my eye and once the world got to them and made them make changes they may have lost some of their roots. I was raised a totally different way than the Aboriginals are even today. They still try to be themselves as much as they can be. I have seen TV shows where an Aboriginal is walking in Sydney Australia and is just amazed at what we have made the world into. And in the end it always has the Aboriginal wanting to get back to his land with his people where the land is a spiritual thing and should be taken care of, not tore up and made into metal and machine. I think maybe life would be better if we as people didn’t always want to get a bigger, better something and we were just happy with what we had. Maybe if the British had learned from the Aboriginals instead of employing their views and thoughts and cities and towns, just maybe we as a people today would be a better people and would want to take care of the land that we live in†¦Maybe taking care of the land would be in my culture. Reference www.crystalinks.com/aboriginals.html How to cite Australian Aborigines, Essay examples Australian Aborigines Free Essays Australian Aborigines The Australia Aborigine’s culture has always had my attention. From the places they lived to they way they where treated always amazed me. After reading about their rituals, social organization and settlement patterns for the textbook, they are a society of people who are all one. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Aborigines or any similar topic only for you Order Now The type of kinship they practice is all is one. For example, if an outsider came to their tribe someone in the tribe would classify that outsider as their mother, and a name that is given to that tribe members real mother will be given to the outsider. According to Scheper-Hughes, N. n the 1993 article: Cephu’s choice: Is natural for human beings to want personal liberty? or is it a peculiarly western concern? some conclusions drawn from the indigenous cultures around the world. â€Å"Among Australian aborigines of the Western Desert, each new person comes into the world circumscribed by ancestral origin myths about ‘Dreamtime’ which structure the world and rigidly define the place of all aboriginal people within it. The myths determine each person’s position and the marriage strategies, kinship ties and friendship alliances that each must pursue in adherence to the sacred geography and its accompanying moral economy. The Dreaming’, wrote William Stanner, ‘determines not only what life is, but also what it can be. Life, so to speak, is a one – possibility thing’. In this aboriginal society there is no sense of personal ‘agency’ fundamental to western notions of liberty and democracy. Nor is there any idea of an individual search for personal salvation which Christian missionaries have tried, but normally failed, to communicate. † The way Australia Aborigines use kinship affects the way they l ive, act and think. Since there system is â€Å"all is one† they live with the common understanding that they are all under one belief system. This can be compared to when someone in your family marries; the person they marry is now your family. This understanding creates a strong bond between people who are not technical blood related. The thought of people with such a bond helps in battles and growth within a society. In my own society the type of kinship seen in the aborigines can be seen with close family and friends. Our society tends to compare when we know the person or someone we trust knows the outside person. However, unlike the aborigines, our society has shown a way of turning away what is unfamiliar or unlike them. This brings a crack or weakness in our society because our bonds or circles are not as big because of it. I believe we can learn several things from foragers like the Australia Aborigines to make ourselves stronger. Reference: Scheper-Hughes, N. (1993, Cephu’s choice: Is natural for human beings to want personal liberty? or is it a peculiarly western concern? some conclusions drawn from the indigenous cultures around the world. New Internationalist, , 11-13. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/200094581? accountid=32521 How to cite Australian Aborigines, Papers

Kahalagahan Ng Wika at Kalikasan free essay sample

This was much more than a cholera epidemic, William Watson said. Watson, chairman of the history department at nearby Immaculata University, and his twin brother Frank have been working for nearly a decade to unravel the 178-year-old mystery. Anti-Irish sentiment made 19th-century America a hostile place for the workers, who lived amid wilderness in a shanty near the railroad tracks. The land is now preserved open space behind suburban homes in Malvern, about 20 miles west of Philadelphia. The Watsons and their research team have recovered seven sets of remains since digging up the first shin bone in March 2009, following years of fruitlessly scouring the area for the mens final resting place. One victim has been tentatively identified, pending DNA tests. The brothers have long hypothesized that many of the workers succumbed to cholera, a bacterial infection spread by contaminated water or food. The disease was rampant at the time, and had a typical mortality rate of 40 percent to 60 percent. We will write a custom essay sample on Kahalagahan Ng Wika at Kalikasan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The other immigrants, they surmise, were killed by vigilantes because of anti-Irish prejudice, tension between affluent residents and poor transient workers, or intense fear of cholera — or a combination of all three. Now, their theory is supported by the four recovered skulls, which indicate the men probably suffered blows to the head. At least one may have been shot, said Janet Monge, an anthropologist working on the project. I dont think we need to be so hesitant in coming to the conclusion now that violence was the cause of death and not cholera, although these men might have had cholera in addition, Monge said.

Nursing Field Argument free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to inform those who may be unaware of the problem of low nurse to patient ratios and how to correct it. Many patients suffer due to understaffed nurses. Not only does the patient suffer, the nurse does as well. A patient faces a higher chance of having pneumonia and it being unnoticed and untreated, due to the fact that a nurse has so many patients to care for all at once. Quite a few nurses become burnt out due to working an abundant amount of hours at a time, even become dissatisfied with working as a nurse. In order to prevent low patient to nurse ratios there should be maximum of four patients to one nurse. The issue of low nurse to patient ratios needs to be corrected in order to prevent chaos in the nursing field. Low Nurse to Patient Ratios Correction A recent issue in the nursing field has become extremely prevalent in the past decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Field Argument or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Low nurse to patient ratios have been linked to putting patients in danger. Not only do the low ratios affect the patient, they have added stress up on the nurse as well. An abundant amount of Nurses become burnt out. Working long hours filled with hard labor have caused nurses to become fatigue and overworked. Nurses no longer want to work in the nursing field any more due to circumstances. This issue needs to be corrected in order to prevent putting patients and nurses as well in danger. Low nurse to patient ratios can be corrected by having a maximum of 4 patients at once. This number of patients is ethical and is not costly. When a nurse has a large amount of patients things that can be easily noticed go unnoticed. If there is a low nurse to patient ratio, a nurse may very well overlook little signs that can lead to a diagnosis. Due to low nurse to patient ratios a patient faces a higher chance of obtaining pneumonia. Once the patient has pneumonia in many cases it goes undetected. As a result of the viral infection not being detected is goes untreated. An increase in nurse patient ratio shows a 9. 5 percent decrease in the odds of a patient getting pneumonia (Stanton). If a nurse had more time with a single patient the viral infection could be easily recognized and treated. A patient dying under the care of a nurse is a very big issue. As an effect of low staffed urses an abundant amount of patients face a seven percent increase in the probability of dying within 30 days of admission to a hospital (â€Å"Hospital Nurse †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). They also are up against a seven percent chance of a nurse failing to rescue (â€Å"Hospital Nurse †). Not only does the low nurse to patient ratios affect the patient but the nurse as well. A nurse’s day is full of tedious tasks. A nurse works extremely hard d uring the time they are on the floor working. After working extremely hard for a 12 hour shift with multiple patients a person is over worked. As a result of doing this day after day, a person becomes burnt out. Forty-three percent of nurses had high burnout scores (Schwenk). Other than a nurse becoming burnt out, a nurse may also become dissatisfied with the nursing field. A nurse is typically passing out medications and providing direct care a patient, but in most cases ends up going outside of the responsibilities described in their job description. A nurse ends up performing duties of those that are to be done by a certified nursing assistant or licensed practical nurse due to the fact that there is a high amount of patients all at once. Since the nurse is doing many other jobs they ultimately feel as though they no longer want to work as a nurse. With each additional patient, a nurse faces a 15 percent increase in the chances of becoming dissatisfied as working as a nurse. Forty-three percent of nurses had low job-satisfaction scores (Schwenk). To prevent nurses from becoming dissatisfied with this field, there needs to be a law mandating that a nurse is to only have 4 patients to care for. In each and every facility where a nurse is employed, the mandatory nurse to patient ratio should be four patients to one nurse. This ratio is reasonably cost efficient. According to research done by Thomas Schwenk, if the amount of patients were to be increased, from four patients to one nurse, to any number up to eight patients would result in five deaths per one thousand patients. The ratio of four patients to one nurse is an ethical ratio. Once a minimum of four patients to one nurse is mandated in all states of America, patients will no longer have to worry about receiving adequate health care. Nurses will no longer become dissatisfied as working as a nurse. When the number of patients a nurse has is lowered, a nurse will only complete what it is that a nurse is required to do, instead of performing the duties of a nursing assistant. A nurse will not be burnt out after a shift, due to the fact that they will only be responsible for giving care to four patients. Works Cited Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH. â€Å"Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction. † JAMA, 30 October 2002. Web. 1 September 2012. Stanton M. A. , Mark. †Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care. † Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Web. 1 September 2012. Schwenk MD, Thomas. â€Å"Low Nurse Staffing Ratios, Patient Safety, and Nurse Burnout. † Journal Watch Specialties, 8 November 2002. Web. 7 September 2012. Annotated Bibliography Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH. â€Å"Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction. † JAMA, 30 October 2002. Web. 1 September 2012. The article basically discusses low patient to nurse ratios. This problem has become extremely prevalent in the past decade. It goes into detail on how it affects the nurse and patient as well. Research done by the authors of this article show that each additional patient a nurse has brings on a 23 percent increase in the odds of a burn out and 15 percent increase in job dissatisfaction. In many cases the nurse becomes burnt out, due to all of the work and time put in. As an effect of low staffed nurses an abundant amount of patients face a seven percent increase in the probability of dying within 30 days of admission to a hospital. They also are up against a seven percent chance of a nurse failing to rescue. Stanton M. A. , Mark. †Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Web. 1 September 2012. This article written by Mark Stanton goes into fixing the low patient to nurse ratios and as well some of the effects. The article goes over nurses becoming burnt out and dissatisfied with working as a nurse. Studies done by the AHRQ brings the effect of low staffed nurses and the higher chances of patients getting pneumonia. An i ncrease in RN patient ratio shows a 9. 5 percent decrease in getting pneumonia. If a nurse had more time with a single patient it could be easily recognized and treated. Welton PhD RN, John. Mandatory Hospital Nurse to Patient Staffing Ratios: Time to Take a Different Approach. † The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 30 September 2007. Web. 1 September 2012. This article discusses an alternative way to help with low nurse to patient ratios. Instead of having a mandatory nurse to patient staffing ratio, simply charge patients based on the care they were given. It goes into arguing the alternative solution. The option is cost efficient. This option decreases the chances of a nurse becoming burnt out because a nurse does not work as many hours. It also rules out the chances of job dissatisfaction.

Jimi Hendrix - Voodoo Child free essay sample

Explodingonto the music scene in 1967, Jimi Hendrixs talents were instantlyapparent. At age 24, he was producing some of the most ferocious andinnovative riffs of all time. Not only a great musician but an evenbetter showman, Jimi had all the tools to become the most dominantrock-and-roll musician of all time. Unfortunately, the life of the bestelectric guitarist to ever plug into an amp was cut short in 1970. The Voodoo Child collection is a masterfully puttogether shrine to Hendrix that allows generations to come together andshare his gifts. When I purchased the two-disc set, I alreadyowned Are You Experienced? and First Rays of the NewRising Sun. I wanted to find out more about the life andinfluences of Hendrix. This is possibly one of the best greatesthits collections of any rock performer. The set offers the best ofHendrix both in the studio and live. Disc one is Jimis greateststudio hits. Tracks include masterpieces like The Wind CriesMary and Hey Joe, plus all his other big hits. We will write a custom essay sample on Jimi Hendrix Voodoo Child or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Disc two completes the collection perfectly with an array ofJimis most famous live performances, such as the magic of TheStar Spangled Banner at Woodstock and his remake of JohnnyB. Goode. These two CDs are perfect for anyones music library,and are the best way to fully experience Hendrix. VoodooChild The Jimi Hendrix Collection has something for everyone.Whether the great riffs and musical attributes, or just the greatlanguage Hendrix used to write beautiful poems, Voodoo Childis a must-have for any music lover. You wont regret buying it.

Armegeddon essays

Armegeddon essays There will come a time when all souls cannot escape from salvation. It is then, that because of this , the universe will ultimately collapse. Afterward all souls will be depressed again to live a lifetime where they have shackles forever. When a particular place in the universe has cooled life shall emerge, although it will be many years before This so describes the Hindu invision of the end of times in which the universe that includes everything is destroyed and then it is recreated again. It is important because many people believe Hinduism is responsible for the basis of other religions such as Buddhism, Sikkhism and Jainism which is clearly seen , as all three believe in many of the same theories such as reincarnation. For many of these people there is no true Armageddon only the repeat blooming and distraction of the universe by different types of gods. This makes me wonder if these people see Armageddon in such a different angle then conventional christians. How do the people of Confucianism , Marxism or any of the oriental religions perceive the end of The fact is, many of the so called religions out there do not have gods or prayer because there would be no need , rather they are only a philosophies on how people should live their lives . One example would be Confucianism which is predominately an Asian religion that started in the Chon Dynasty years 1122-897 B.C. The religion was founded by a man named Confucius who supported a project called the ritual music culture, that more or less was set up by the government of China to control the various tribes that inhabited the yellow river by giving them a culture that they all shared in common . This form of idealism unfortunately was rejected. The man named Confucius traveled all over China trying to persuade people to accept the ritual music culture , however some ...

Continental Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Continental Airlines - Research Paper Example Part of this success is attributed to the huge investment in employee management and training. This, in turn, leads to better customer care management realized from the employees of the organization. Introduction The story behind Continental Airlines is inundated with many successes and challenges that have characterized the company since its formation. Like any other operator in the turbulent airline industry, these challenges have, over the years, affected the operations of the company and often became the basis for the strategies that have enabled the company to sail through. In any case, Continental Airlines is today regarded as one of the best performing airlines not only in the United States but across the world. Founded in 1934 with a single aircraft in Texas, Continental has grown to become the fifth largest airline in the United States and the seventh largest in the world. This is realized through an annual passenger figure of 50 million across five continents. Presently, th e airline operates over 2,300 daily departures to over 200 destinations across these continents (Burlingham, 2005). Indeed, Continental operates in an industry dominated by several market players which are always on the watch for any strategy to outdo their competitors. The company has faced several financial quagmires over the past few years but has always managed to sail through these challenges. Through continual fleet modernization and an effective employee management program, the company has always been at the forefront in the provision of quality services that transcend the very borders of culture and distance. Although the company has faced bankruptcy twice in its turbulent history, these downfalls have acted as an impetus for success and triggered a new wave of novel strategies that define the company’s overall success. Continental’s Business Strategy At the dawn of this century, Continental was normally ranked in the tenth position among the major airlines in the United States. The major focus of the management was, therefore, to create a new business strategy that would shift the fortunes of the organization. This led to the adoption of a new series of business strategies that were focused on improving industry performance through improved customer service. The first strategy was labeled Fly to Win and was meant to ensure that all the employees in the organization clearly understood what the customers actually wanted in terms of service. This would facilitate an effective response mechanism in order to avail the right products to the right clients. Secondly, Fund the Future strategy was intended to relook into the cash flow and costs incurred by the organization, in order to bail it out of its financial quagmire. The focus in this case was cost management as a way of eliminating some of the unnecessary cost centers previously realized by the organization. The third strategy, Make Reliability a Strategy, was geared towards ensuring that customers were delivered to their destinations safely and without any delays (Ray, 1999). This was also to limit any loss of luggage that was often realized in the company. In a way, reliability was seen as the best way to create customer confidence which would ultimately enable the airline to widen the customer base. The fourth strategy, Working Together, was mainly focused on employee managemen

Economics of electronics commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics of electronics commerce - Essay Example Traditional cost accounting is structure-oriented whereas ABC is process-oriented (Emblemsvag, 2006). 2a. Operating leverage is the highest in e-commerce companies. E-commerce companies have very low variable costs but high initial up-front development cost. For example, Amazon.com initially had a fixed up-front development cost of over $60 million but no per transaction cost (Economics of Electronics Commerce, n.d.). Operating leverage is the lowest in merchandizing companies. Such companies mainly engage in the buying and selling of goods. Their fixed costs include mainly storage and selling costs. A higher proportion of their costs is variable costs such as packaging of goods and transportation costs. In between, service companies have a higher proportion of fixed costs and hence higher operating leverage than manufacturing companies. Service companies, such as hair salons, incur a fixed amount of rent, staff salary, and facility and equipment cost regardless of whether there are any customers. Variable costs, such as shampoo, are a very low proportion. Manufacturing companies ha ve a lower operating leverage than service companies and e-commerce companies but higher operating leverage than merchandizing companies. Their fixed costs include land, equipment, machinery, plants, and facilities.

Cultural And Structural Theories

Cultural And Structural Theories Defining health has always been relative; sometimes it is defined in terms of good health (feeling fit), bad health (free from pain and discomfort), and in terms of rang of task an individual is able to perform (functional). However, WHO (1948) Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. The medical dictionary define illness as disease of body or mind; poor health; sickness. Culture is the way of life of a group of people, society or community, it consist of beliefs, behavior, values, norms, customs, language, institutions etc common to the members of the group, society or community. Culture can influence the definition of health and illness. Cultural approach explains that health differences can best be understood in terms of our way of life as society and as an individual and on the social class in which we find ourselves, the lower the social class the worse the health issues. Cultural approach is of the opinion that poor health is due to our diet, habits life style. In some non western culture, a big person is seen as healthy and the slim person is seen as ill, and is encouraged to eat more, where as in the western world, been fat is seen as a death warrant. Some cultures do not believe in going to the doctors when they are ill, they rather use a local remedy. Cultural approach completely blame the individual for his /her health problems because they do not follow a healthy life style, the black report (1980) also accepted this explanation, but acknowledged the fact that even does that lead a healthy life, still suffer from same ill health as those that does the opposite e.g. non smokers at the risk of lung cancer. The report suggested that differences in social class factors only account for 25% of social class inequities in health and illness. More so, the structural approach, accepts the behavioral explanation to health differences, but claims that the behavioral approach fail to look at the broader context of inequality. Thus, poor health is as a result of the working condition to which some people have no choice but to be subjected to given the present income distribution and access to opportunity. In explaining the structural approach, the Marxist perspective of health and illness will be analyzed. The key assertion of Marxist is the relation of production (structure of the society) which brought about division of labor, which in turn reflect in the derivation of social classes. Marxist believes that health outcomes for any society are influenced by the economy system in two ways; Level of production: industrial diseases and injuries, stress- related illness, environment pollution, processed food, chemical additives. Income distribution: standard of living is measured by wealth and income-living condition, access to health care, diet, educational opportunities, and recreational opportunities. The black report (1980) also agrees with this view, as finding continues to show that adverse social condition is significant to the social pattering of health and illness in the society. Task 2 EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE OF REGIONAL VARIATIONS AND INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS This essay will be outlining and evaluating the evidence of variation in health and illness. To evaluate these issues two material evidences from the Guardian News paper will be analysed. The first is LOCAL INEQUALITIES MARK MAP OF WELLBEING (24/09/2008) will be referred as APPENDIX A. This essay will also evaluate sociological explanations for health inequalities such as cultural, structural, functional perspectives. Reports produced by the government and independent research will be applied in evaluating these regional variations. Appendix A covered the disparities in the health and behaviour of people in different parts of England. The findings made by the report regarding health disparities are: Women in Blackpool are 8 times more likely to smokes during pregnancy than women from Richmond upon Thames. Average 5year old in Blackburn suffers 7 times more tooth decay than 5year olds in Lichfield and Staffordshire. Teenage pregnancy rate in Lambeth south London is more than 6 times that of Rutland. Obesity rate among children starting school in Hackney, east London is 3 time the rate in Teedale. The research was done using 30 key indicators, of which none was mentioned in the report. The report agreed that despite government effort to eradicate health inequalities, the gap in health between the social classes in society keep increasing. The report agrees with the structural perspective, which blames health inequalities on the economy system (capitalist state) of the society, as captured in paragraph 5 lines 4-6, addressing the issue of child poverty the tax system. This can be backed by the finding of the Black report (1980) which opined that health standard is directly linked to social class and social economics factors such as poor housing, education, income and environment. The findings in Appendix A, was published and distributed to every local councils in the UK, so health worker in every region can devise solution to curbing their respective health issues. Finding made by the report (APPENDIX A) regarding behaviour cannot be explained entirely by relative poverty. The findings on behaviour are: Lambeth despite having the worst teenage pregnancy problem in England, it also has the best figure for breastfeeding. More than 90% of mothers breastfeed in Lambeth compared to 33% in Knowsley, Merseyside. Malvern Hills, west Devon and south Shropshire, almost all children of school age engage with at least two hours of high quality PE /school sport a week compared to only 2/3 of children in Newcastle-under Lyme and Surrey Heath. Kensington and Chelsea has the highest life expectancy, for both man and women compared to Manchester and Liverpool, they eat the highest proportion of fruit and vegetables and the lowest rate of premature death rate caused by cancer. But was in the bottom 10 in England for problems relating to substance abuse among people aged 15 to 64. The above findings can be related to the cultural approach, which lay emphasis on the cultural choices of the individual / group such as; life style, diet, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. And partly in relation to the structural approach, for Lambeth, there was increase of awareness on the importance of breastfeeding, for Malvern Hills, there is also the increase of awareness of the importance of exercise as for Kensington and Chelsea abuse of substance might be due to life style and mostly because they are wealthy. Task 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN A COMMUNITY Many factors influence health and general well being of a community. These range from individual factors, such as generic make up, age, gender and lifestyle, socio-economic, cultural and environment factors. Despite the above factors, the once that are most significant influence on a community health and well being are referred to as the wider determinant of health. These are educational attainment, employment status, housing and the environment. Because these wider determinants interact with other factors it is difficult to evaluate the respective contribution of each determinant to eventual health outcomes. Educational Attainment: From various perspective of sociology and the finding of the Black report (1980), it is evidence that educational attainment plays an important part in the overall well being of the society. According to the Black report (1980), while, the general health of the nation had improved, theses improvements have not been equal across all the various social classes. And the gap between the lower and higher social levels continue to widen. The report on Appendix A also highlighted this difference, when Knowsley borough found it difficult to educate mothers to on the importance of breastfeeding (paragraph 17). The situation in Knowsley can also be interpreted as a cultural trend within the women. Employment Status: Cultural approach opined that those in social class four and five eat less nutritious diet than those in social class one and two, structural argues however, that, due to income inequality, those in lower classes cannot enjoy the lifestyle of the rich in society and suffer more illness as a result of their job. Appendix B indicates that unemployment brings about poverty and social exclusion. It also shows that Barnet borough unemployment rate increased from 68.7% in 2006 to 71.2% in 2007, but remained below England average. Task 4 BALANCING HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN A COMMUNITY Keeping the community well: Prevention they say is better than cure. Unhealthy habits are passed on from generation as indicated in Appendix A, paragraph 7, lines 4-5. Barnet council plans to support their community to live a healthy lifestyle, to stop them from getting avoidable Health workers in the various county/ boroughs should work in preventing the particular health problems of their local population as indicated in Appendix A paragraph 3. Government should embark, on health plans that are long term.

Narcotics Anonymous Assignment Essay

My feelings about this assignment: When first reading the requirements of this assignment I was quite hesitant in approaching group counselling sessions as I was not aware of any in my area. A friend of mine whom I had not seen in a while told me that she was in a rehab facility for a month and was attending an outpatient programme. This was fantastic news and just the opportunity I was looking for, not only was this what I needed for my assignment but it was also an opportunity for me to support her. I asked her if it would be possible for me to go with her to one of her meetings and she was too happy to have me go with her. What is NA? Narcotics Anonymous is a global, community-based organization with a multi-lingual and multicultural membership. They offer recovery from the effects of addiction through working a twelve-step program, including regular attendance at group meetings. The group atmosphere provides help from peers and offers an ongoing support network for addicts who wish to pursue and maintain a drug-free lifestyle. The name, NA, is not meant to imply a focus on any particular drug; NA’s approach makes no distinction between drugs including alcohol. Membership is free, and they have no affiliation with any organizations outside of NA including governments, religions, law enforcement groups, or medical and psychiatric associations. Where is NA? There are various meetings held all over RSA, you can have a look on their website to see where the closest meeting is, when it takes place and whether it is a closed or open meeting. This meeting was held at AKESO Crescent Clinic. This is a rehab facility, the meeting is held in a conference room inside. Once you walk in you will see that the chairs are placed in a circle and behind it are more chairs placed in a bigger circle. The structure of the meeting: Chairperson opens the meeting and advises that it’s an open meeting, meaning that anyone can join, i.e. family, friends and other support structures. He then allows all to introduce them moving from the left to right. Each individual stands up, gives their name followed by the words, and I am an addict. He then asks if there are any new comers and mentions that the newcomer is the most important person at any meeting and although it may seem confusing at first, to keep an open mind and keep coming back. He then proceeds to advise that there is one rule at this meeting: that no drugs or drug paraphernalia be in your possession. If anyone is carrying, they are to leave and come back without them. If anyone is carrying a cell phone to please turn it off for the duration of the meeting. He then asks that someone reads the preambles. These pamphlets have been randomly placed on various chairs prior to the meeting, if you have one; you have the option to read it or to ask someone el se to read. The preambles are: Who is an addict? Why are we here? What is the NA Program? How it works? The twelve traditions We do recover At the meeting they then recognize specific landmarks in their recovery. 24 hours 24 hours to 7 days 7 to 14 days 14 – 30 days 30 – 60 days 60 – 90 days 90 days to 6 months 6 – 9 months 9 – 12 months 1 – 2 years 2 – 3 years More than 3 years People put up the hands and support is given by clapping for their achievements. He then asks whether there are any birthdays or landmarks that anyone would like to share. As they say how long they have been clean, tags are handed out for those achievements and the woman who is handing out the tags gives the person a hug. Below is a picture of the different tags that each addict receives for each landmark: He advises the meeting that the views expressed by the individuals there, do not necessarily show the view of the NA and if anyone is interested in any of the official literature, the literature person will talk about it. The literature rep stands up and advises on what books are available Living clean Just for today How it works and why (12 steps and stories of addicts worldwide) Sponsorship guide The step working guide She explains what each book is about and the price so that if anyone would like to purchase the literature, you will be able to do so after the meeting. There are also various pamphlets that are available. The chairperson then introduces the topic he has chosen for the evening and interprets how the topic relates to his life and then opens the floor so that any of the addicts are open to speak. Only the chair knows what the topic is going to be for the evening. Once everyone has had their turn to share and before closing the meeting he asks: Is there anyone who still feels the need to share Does anyone have a burning issue? Does anyone just have an issue staying clean today? They address these issues separately after the meeting. Chairperson thanks all for sharing and reminds all that what they see and hear here remains here. The seventh tradition states that they are self-supporting through their own contributions. They then send around a donation basket where generous donations are requested. Newcomers and visitors are asked not to contribute and to consider themselves as guests. â€Å"Just for today† is then read, this is the last preamble. He then asks that everyone stands up and holds hands, all the addicts in the meeting and some guests who have attended before say in unison – â€Å"As long as I follow, I have nothing to fear†. The Chair then asks that we take a moment of silence for babies born into active addiction and addicts suffering inside and outside the rooms. The meeting is then ended with the serenity prayer, God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can and the wisdom to know the difference. Keep coming back, it wor ks if you work it and work it because you’re worth it. Personal story of recovery: I felt it was important not to share the stories I had heard in the meeting as per the request made by the chairperson. I was however able to find personal stories of recovery from addiction available on the NA website so I have chosen to rather share a published story instead. This is the story about Greg C, the topic: Letting Go: On the 12th of September, it will be the 20th anniversary of my baby brother’s death. A good couple of years ago when things were running wild, I took him into my drug business and he was that kind of a guy, a stray dog, so I knew I had to take him under my care but I was happy to do so as he was a great guy. I just got back from Australia and it was a very successful trip and there was nothing in town so I went back to Cape Town. In hindsight, the three months before his death, I was already giving him a hard time about all the money that was outstanding but in my heart I knew that he had already used it and all he needed to do was tell me that he had used it and I wouldn’t have minded. So this Wednesday the 12th, I started  my period of self-destruction. I called him and he hadn’t come down from my parents place and they told me that he hadn’t woken up. My whole life just shattered and it took me 10 years of self-destruction, hitting financial rock bot tom and ending up in the emergency room for a heroin overdose and a number of 48 hours spent in prison cells to get over this. What was my struggle with this? Was I to blame for getting him into this drug world? Was it the guilt that I had treated him badly for the last three months cause if I knew he was going to die three months before I would not have cared what he used or what money he owed me cause I’d pay anything today to get him back. When I walked into NA 10 years ago, I came in like everyone else, rough and wounded. Still with that street bravado and they spoke about surrender. It took me six days to get there; I cleaned and showered, looked in the mirror and then went back to my room to use again. Eventually when I got here, it was somebody’s 1 year anniversary. I was really tired of using about two years before I got here. That birthday meeting was the greatest motivation for me because someone was clean for 365 days. I followed all the steps they told me to do and then they told me to let go. It took me 6 years before I let go of the guilt and let go about what I felt happened with Rowan. It was the most freeing aspect of my recovery was when I was able to put that stuff down and move on with my life. The other things had all changed; I got myself a job and had good friends. It was tough; I made in a month what I used in a day. It took two years before I started seeing the materialistic things of this fellowship but I was still walking around with this baggage. It took me a good 5 nearly 6 years before I let go with Rowan and by that time I was fu lly living NA, I was completely involved for seven and a half years, whatever service came up, I volunteered in the fellowship. I had quite a lot of things to get over, had a lot of meetings where addicts wouldn’t pitch and I took that personally, I had to let that go as well. About two and a half years ago I thought it was time to move out of this fellowship and go and get myself a life and start living. I managed to let go of the service stuff of NA but it was time to let it go and my sponsor thought it was time to let it go, I didn’t want to let it go, but I knew I had to let it go. I was still working for the same company and a lot of things were promised to me and that didn’t happen, so obviously I built up a lot of resentment there. I built this picture up in  my mind that I always needed a lot of money to start up my own business and I suppose it was all fear and paranoia to stay in this comfort zone. Anyway, I stopped coming to meetings, only popped in every now and again when it was someone’s birthday, that sort of thing. Not being around, nobody asked me to share and slowly my connection to NA slowly drifted. One thing is for sure and that’s what was promised to me when I first joined and that’s if I follow the 5 simple rules that my need to use will slowly be lifted. Two and a half years when I left, my obsession to use had been lifted a nd I felt no need to use. Eventually after many years of frustration, I decided to throw in the towel where I was and forget my fear that I needed all this money to start a business. I left there, I bought a few cars and put them on a few friend’s stands and they were selling the cars for me and I was living a half retired life, going to the gym, go swimming, go do this and that. Things still weren’t comfortable on the inside, I was still out of sink and I knew I was still carrying around a bit of stuff and slowly I was drifting into more insanity by not being connected to this place. And then it all happened at once, I knew I was insane, I knew I had to get back to a meeting. I’d heard and read enough of it to know that I had to get back to a meeting. I found a home group and at the same time found a car lot for sale, managed to buy it and put my cars on there and now I have a good business. I know that I have to show up, I have to tell the truth; I have to live with honor, do what I’m responsible for and leave the rest of the results to my higher power. When I look back at the ten years as I have been part of this fellowship, all the good things that have happened in my life, I’ve only realized that it happened after it did and I didn’t even know it was happening; which tells me that the only way I’m going to stay c lean is to let things go, stay focused and stay plugged into this place. Love having my sponsor, I get an objective point of view for my life. What actually happened to me 10 years ago and I only realized this a few months ago is that I was in the middle of a desert with a bag on my back with everything I owned and a bakkie pulled up and a man said, jump on the back, I’ll give you a lift. First thing I wanted to do is take control of the situation and ask are you going in my direction. The voice said – there is only one road. I got onto the back of this bakkie and I stood there with the heavy pack on my back for I don’t know how long on  this ride. It was hot and heavy. The bakkie slowed down, and this voice said, I stopped to give you a ride, take the pack off, sit down and enjoy the ride. And no sooner did I do that and the scenery changed to the most magnificent view and I’ve been enjoying it ever since. My Reflections: My concerns were what to expect and how to approach the meeting as I have not attended something like it before. I did not want to seem judgmental in any way as I have no idea what the reasons are for these people turning to drugs, only that they were looking for a way to stay clean. I know from what â€Å"Ally† has told me that they support each other and try to work through their problems and triggers together. My perception of what to expect and what I experienced was greatly different. I expected a counsellor to be present and do most of the talking as I have witnessed on the various interviews conducted on the UNISA DVD’s. This was not the case at all, everyone who felt the need to share did so and so much support was given to each person for the accomplishments that I felt an appreciation for such a support group. My discussions with â€Å"Ally† helped me tremendously to prepare for what I was going to enter upon. This was an open meeting where friends, fam ily and other support people were allowed to attend; this made me more comfortable as I would not be the only new comer or outsider present at the meeting. This was definitely an eye opening experience for me. From the moment I arrived till the time that I left, I felt so accepted by all. I think I might even have had a moment where I felt that I wished I was an addict so that I could come back. This group was more than a bunch of addicts coming together to talk about their problems, they were like a family, talking and sharing, caring for each other and praising each other for their accomplishments. I was truly moved by the experience and feel a better understanding for what â€Å"Ally† has gone through. I hope that when she feels the need to use that she will feel comfortable enough to talk to me and I will support her as best I can. Conclusions about the helping relationship I have to come to the realization that many find the support they need in groups. They feel comfort in knowing that they are not alone in this struggle. Many feel guilty for what they have put their families through  and therefore I also find it important that the families also attend these meetings. This not only shows support for the addict but also helps them to understand what it is like to be an addict. I think it may be difficult for a family to believe what an addict says but when they hear it from many, it becomes more believable and easier to accept. References: http://www.na.org